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High Temperature Processes in Silicon Solar Cells Production
Frantík, Ondřej ; Hudec, Lubomír (referee) ; Banský,, Juraj (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
The thesis is focused on high temperature processes in crystalline solar cells production. Main topic is diffusion of traditional dopants phosphorus and boron. Diffusion processes for creating solar cells are different from classical diffusion in semiconductor industrial. It is reason why the thesis describes crated layers in detail. Knowledge of diffusion processes is used for creating bifacial solar cells and development of a new phosphorus emitter for conventional solar cells. Bifacial cells are a new type of cells. Developed new emitter increases efficiency and decreases cost of solar cells production. Another part the thesis is devoted to the prediction of diffusion processes. New models of phosphorus and boron diffusion for photovoltaic industrial are created in software SILVACO. Models correspond with real results.
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Phosphorus recovery from liquid digestate
Heger, Jan ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is the posibility of obtaining phosphorus from liquid digestate. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on summarizing the current situation regarding phosphorus recovery. The research summarizes the essential information about the method of struvite precipitation, by which phoshphorus is obtained in the form of struvite, which can be further used as a fertilizer. Based on the process information, an experimental device was designed to obtain phosphorus in the form of struvite, corresponding to industry standards. It is a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom, in which the liquid digestate with the chemicals is mixed with a stirrer. The functionality of the device was tested experimentally on the created device. The results of the experiment were analyzed by XPS method, which confirmed the formation of struvite. For future operation, modifications of the device and pre-treatment of the liquid digestate were proposed, which could improve the whole process and its results.
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Eutrophication of water reservoirs
Kukol, Jan ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The first part of this thesis is focused on general explanation of eutrophication, its causes and consequences. The possible solutions of eutrophication are discussed briefly and a few examples of eutrophic reservoirs in the Czech Republic are added. The second part of this thesis is focused on ongoing modifications of water reservoir Brno and finally the effectiveness of measures are being compared.
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Design of WWTP at locality with extreme demands on quality of treated wastewater
Krupica, Radek ; Vachovec, Roman (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the wastewater treatment technologies by means of which high quality of the treated wastewater is attained, especially with regard to removing nutrients. The introduction of the thesis contains, among others, descriptions of the reserves in the Czech Republic where it is extremely important to insist on the highest quality of the discharged wastewaters. Then follows a summary of the quality requirements on the discharged wastewaters as stipulated in the legislation. Furthermore, I analyse the impact of the nutrients – nitrogen and phosphorus – on the environment and the principles of their removal from the wastewaters. In the next section I concentrate on the technological processes by means of which the required quality of the wastewater is achieved. The conclusion includes a list of technologies used as the tertiary wastewater treatments with emphasis on membrane technologies. The second part of my thesis is a study of a project of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with membrane technology for the villages of Sloup and Šošůvka located within the protected landscape area of Moravian Karst.
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The Study of Intensification of the Constructed Treatment Wetland for the Village of Machová
Zedník, Ondřej ; Pumprlová Němcová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kriška-Dunajský, Michal (advisor)
The village Machová (650 inhabitants) operates a combined sewage system which leads to a treatment wetland. This wastewater treatment plant faces similar problems like most of treatment wetlands from the turn of the last century - it has a low efficiency of the removal of ammonia nitrogen N-NH4 + which causes a negative impact on the watercourses and the environment. The study deals with the technical modification of the operating line which would eliminate the abovementioned problems and solves the sludge treatment in treatment plant. Population growth in the village connected with the construction of sanitary sewer will cause high concentrations of pollution in the inflow. The proposed modification uses the latest scientific knowledge and proven technologies which were created by the Institute of Landscape Water Management. These technologies will secure the low effluent concentrations of monitored parameters not only today but also in case the population of the village will grow.
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Classification of material used for the construction of garden ponds
Sýkora, Jiří ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of the occurrence forms of inorganic phosphorus in water garden ponds and used material impact on the amount of releasable amount of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water medium. The practical part of this work focuses on the analysis and subsequent classification of building materials for the production of garden ponds just by releasing ability of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water.
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Recovery of waste from processing of phosphorus to produce materials with increased added value
Hejsek, Michal ; Zavřel, Tomáš (referee) ; Ing.Jan Červený, Ph.D. (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on reuse of waste water from industrial plant processing yellow phosphorus. Theoretical part summarizes physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, its transport in biosphere and its role in living organisms. Also the production process of the industrial plant is described. Waste water that contains waste byproducts is considered to be useful source of essential nutrients for economical large scale microalgae cultivation and development of biotechnological processes. In practical part, optimization of growth conditions for microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick (IPPAS C-2) cultivation in medium based on wastewater from yellow phosphorus warehouse is presented.
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Harvesting of materials from wastewater and sludge
Boubínová, Marie ; Chorazy, Tomáš (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of recycling raw materials from wastewater and sewage sludge with emphasis on phosphorus. The first part of the thesis deals with the problems associated with resources of phosphorus, the use of the legislative and recycling of phosphorus. Then, physico-chemical and biological methods of phosphorus recycling from wastewater and products of their further processing at WWTPs are discussed. Phosphorus recycling is also described in terms of the circular economy, which is explained at the end of the first part of this thesis. The second part of this thesis is a technical-economic research for a specific WWTP over 50 thousand. PE in the Czech Republic. The available technologies for recycling phosphorus from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash are described alsonhere. Then, the technologies are compared and evaluated.
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Pollution of karst watercourses in Říčka river basin
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Tůma, RNDr Antonín (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on the monitoring of pollution parameters in the Moravian Karst area, sampling and the analyses of samples once every 4 weeks. In total, 9 water samples were taken from 8 sampling points. Flow rate, temperature, conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen and pH value were measured at each sampling point. Afterwards, content of suspended solids, CODcr, BOD5, ammonia (N-NH4), nitrites (N-NO2), nitrates (N-NO3), organic nitrogen (Norg) and total phosphorus (Ptot) were determined in the samples. At the end of the thesis, the obtained results were compared with each other and with the values stipulated by Government Decree No. 401/2015 Coll. The parameters were processed into tables that provide an overview of average, minimum, and maximum values on each of the sampling points. These tables indicate values that exceed the limits set by the legislation. Also, the change of parameters in time and along the river flow was evaluated from the measured values.
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Removal of phosphorus in denitrifying bioreactor
Chlopčíková, Anna ; Hrich, Karel (referee) ; Malá, Jitka (advisor)
Nitrogen and phosphorus are involved in many processes on the Planet Earth. Especially in agricultural areas water is contaminated by nutrients, which can cause the eutrophication of surface waters, and other problems. The solution could be use of denitrifying bioreactors, which are used for the reduction of high nitrate concentrations in shallow groundwaters. The subject of the thesis was the study of phosphorus removal in the denitrification bioreactor by steel turnings, which are constituent part of the organic load of the bioreactor. Steel turnings release Fe, which causes the precipitation and adsorption of P. Eight bioreactors were filled with poplar woodchips. To these columns just above the surface were added model water enriched with nitrate nitrogen, phosphate phosphate was added to 4 columns, where two of them were enhanced by the addition of steel turnings upstream of the wood medium. Sampling and the analyses of the samples were determined weekly, determination of the phosphorus, iron and other substances necessary for the detection of processes in the bioreactor was performed. The dependence of phosphorus removal on the bioreactor operating conditions was evaluated based on measured data, and the effect of iron on the biological denitrification process was also assessed. Steel turnings have been found to be effective in removing TP, but it is necessary to solve iron leaching in the future. The concentration of phosphorus was reduced up to 0 mg/l on the effluent from the denitrification bioreactors, efficiency of phosphorus removal reached 100 %. The presence of steel chips had no effect on denitrification speed. The denitrification process was also successful in the phosphorus removal columns. From the point of view of leaching of substances and iron, the removal of N and P seems to be preferable in dry period during stoppage with no water fillings. Shutdown of bioreactors with flooded filling caused high concentrations of leached iron up to 149 mg/l
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